बादल किन सेतो देखिन्छ ?

3fd nfu]sf lbgx?df lkslgs hfFbf xfdL 3fF;sf] ;'uGw lnFb} cf/fd u/]sf] a]nfdf cfsfzsf afbnx? x]b}{ afbnn] agfPsf ljleGg cfs[ltx? x]b}{ dVv k5f}{F . t/ afbn lsg ;]tf] x'G5 eGg] s'/f xfdLdWo] ;fob la/n}n] ;f]r]sf xf}Fnf . afbn lsg ;]tf] b]lvG5 t < km]l/ kfgL kbf{sf] afbn sfn] b]lvG5 . lsg <

afbn lsg sfnf] b]lvG5 eGg] k|Zg ug'{eGbf klxnf Tof] eGbf klg cln ;fy{s k|Zgsf] af/]df ;f]rf}F . afbn cflv/ b]lvG5 g} lsg < kfgL kf/bzL{ x'G5 . kfgLsf yf]kfx? kf/bzL{ x'G5g\ . x'g t, kfgLsf yf]kfx?sf] ljzfn ;ÍngnfO{ x]bf{ gLnf] b]lvG5 . h:t}M ;fu/, dxf;fu/x? gLnf b]lvG5g\ . t/ g t gLnf] j:t'df gLn} /fVbf ;]tf] b]lvG5, g t s'g} kf/bzL{ rLh /fVbf ;]tf] b]lvG5 . t/ afbn t ;]t} b]lvG5 Û

xfdLn] b]Vg] ljleGg /Ësf k|sfzx?sf] t/ËnDafO{ km/s–km/s x'G5g\ . /ftf] /Ësf] k|sfzsf] t/ËnDafO{ nfdf] x'G5 eg] gLnf]sf] 5f]6f] x'G5 . t/ ha ;a} /Ësf k|sfzx? ldl;P/ cfpF5g\, ta Tof] /Ë ;]tf] b]lvG5 . t/ oxL ;]tf] /ËnfO{ cGo ljleGg /Ëx?df 5'6\ofpg klg ;lsG5 . k[YjLsf] jfo'd08nn] ;]tf] /Ëaf6 gLnf] /ËnfO{ 5'6\ofP/ cfsfzdf 5l/lbG5 . To;}n] cfsfz gLnf] b]lvG5 . o:tf] k|sfz 5g]{ k|lqmofnfO{ j}1flgs efiffdf :Sof6l/Ë elgG5 . gLnf] /Ë cfsfzdf 5l/O;s]kl5 afFsL /Ë ;Lwf af6f] x'Fb} k[YjLsf] ;txdf k'U5 . ;"o{af6 cfpg] ;]tf] /Ëaf6 gLnf] /Ë jfo'd08n 5l/Og] / afFsL /Ë dfq ;Lwf af6f] x'Fb} k[YjLsf] ;txdf k'Ug] x'Fbf xfdLnfO{ ;"o{sf] k|sfzsf] /Ë cln kFx]nf] nfU5 .

k[YjLsf] jfo'd08nn] dfq geO{ afbnn] klg k|sfznfO{ 5g]{ sfd u5{ . t/ jfo'd08ndf /x]sf clS;hg / gfO6«f]hgn] h:t} s'g} Ps lsl;dsf] /ËnfO{ dfq geO{ afbndf /x]sf kfgLsf 7"nf yf]kfx?n] ;Dk"0f{ t/ËnDafO{sf k|sfzx?nfO{ ;a} lbzflt/ 5g]{ sfd u5{ . o:tf] k|lqmofnfO{ j}1flgs efiffdf dL :Sof6l/Ë elgG5 . xfdLn] afbnnfO{ x]bf{ gLnf], xl/of], kFx]nf], /ftf] ;a} k|sf/sf /Ëx? xfd|f] cfFvfdf kl//x]sf] x'G5 . t/ xfdL To;nfO{ ;]tf] b]V5f}F, lsgeg] tL ;a} /Ëx? Ps} 7fpFaf6 cfO/x]sf x'G5g\ . dfly klg pNn]v ul/;lsPsf] 5 ls ;a} /Ë ldl;P/ cfPsf] v08df xfdL ;]tf] b]V5f}F .

t/, kfgL kfg]{ afbn sfnf] lsg b]lvG5 t < kfgL kfg]{ afbn ;fdfGo afbneGbf afSnf] x'G5 . To;}n] ;"o{af6 cfPsf] k|sfz k[YjLsf] ;txdf k'Ugsf] nflu afSnf] afbndf /x]sf kfgLsf yf]kfx?sf] sof}F txx? kf/ ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . t/ hlt afbn hlt afSnf] x'G5, afbnn] Tolt g} a9L ;"o{sf] k|sfznfO{ htfaf6 cfPsf] xf], Tot} lt/ kmsf{pF5 . ha k|sfz k[YjLsf] ;txdf k'Ub}g, ta xfdL afbnnfO{ sfnf] b]V5f}F . 

वैज्ञानिकहरूले ज्वालामुखी आउन लागेको कसरी थाहा पाउँछन् ?

OG8f]g]l;ofsf] dfpG6\ d]/fkL gfds Hjfnfd'vL kxf8df cS6f]a/ @)!) df Hjfnfd'vL cfpg'eGbf s]xL xKtf cl3b]lv g} ToxfFaf6 :yfgLo dflg;x?nfO{ cGoq ;fl/Psf] lyof] . j}1flgsx?n] s'g} klg ;do Hjfnfd'vL km'6\g ;S5 eg]/ r]tfjgL lbPsf] s]xL xKtfd} dfpG6\ d]/fkL km'6]sf] lyof] . OG8f]g]l;ofdf dfq xf]Og ljZjsf w]/} Hjfnfd'vL kxf8x?df Hjfnfd'vL slxn] km'6\5 eGg] hfgsf/L j}1flgsx?n] Hjfnfd'vL km'6\g] s]xL xKtf jf s]xL lbg cufl8 g} yfxf kfpF5g\ . s;/L t < cfpg'xf];\ o;af/] s]xL rrf{ u/f}F .

Hjfnfd'vL km'6\g' cufl8 Hjfnfd'vL kxf8n] y'k|} ;Ë]tx? lbG5g\ . t/ s]xL ;Ë]tx?nfO{ eg] Hjfnfd'vL ljz]if1x?n] dxTjk"0f{ dfG5g\ . Hjfnfd'vL km'6\g'cl3 ;–;fgf e'sDksf wSsfx? cfpF5g\ . ;fy} Hjfnfd'vL kxf8sf] d'v clnslt ;fdfGo eGbf cln 7"nf] cyjf km'N5 . To;}u/L Hjfnfd'vLsf] d'vaf6 w]/} jfkm / tfk lg:sG5 . Hjfnfd'vL ljz]if1x?sf cg';f/ oL tLg ;Ë]tx? Hjfnfd'vL cfpF5 ls cfpFb}g eGg] yfxf kfpg ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ 5g\ . j}1flgsx?n] e"sDksf wSsfx? gfKgsf] nflu l;lHds g]6js{sf] k|of]u u5{g\ eg] Hjfnfd'vL kxf8sf] d'v slt km'n]sf] 5 eGg] yfxf kfpg /f8f/ pku|xx?sf] k|of]u u/]/ klxn] lvlrPsf kmf]6f]x? / clxn] lvlrPsf kmf]6f]x?aLr t'ngf u5{g\ .

o"=P;= lhof]nf]lhsn ;e]{sf Hjfnfd'vL ljz]if1 hf]g Or]nau{/sf cg';f/ clwsf+z Hfjfd'vLx?n] km'6\g nfu]sf] ;Ë]tx? s]xL xKtf jf dlxgf cufl8 g} lbG5g\ .

;lqmo Hjfnfd'vLsf] cWoog ubf{ Hjfnfd'vL ljz]if1x?n] cTofw'lgs tyf hl6n pks/0fx? tyf k|ljlwx?sf] k|of]u u5{g\ . kfgLsf] tfkqmd tyf lkPr gflkG5, hldg s'g tl/sfn] kmf6]sf] 5 eGg] cWoog ul/G5, ;fy} UofF; / tfk slt lgl:sPsf] 5 eGg] cWoog ul/G5 . ;Nkm/ 8fOcS;fO8 / sfa{g 8fOcS;fO8 a9L lgl:s/x]sf] 5 eg] Hjfnfd'vL km'6\g nfu]sf] eg]/ j}1flgsx?n] yfxf kfpF5g\ . oL s'/fx?sf] cWoog ug{ pku|x tyf c? y'k|} cTofw'lgs pks/0fx?sf] k|of]u ul/G5 . 

के हो घुर्नुको रहस्य ?

s;}sf] 3'/fOn] /ftel/ ;'Tg gkfPsf] cg'ej zfob xfdLdWo] w]/}sf] xf]nf . 3'g{] sfo{ xfdL s;}sf] nflu klg gf}nf] xf]Og . tkfO{+sf ;fyLx?, cfkmGtx? tyf tkfO{+sf] >Ldfg\÷>LdtL g} klg 3'g]{ ;d:ofaf6 u|;Lt x'g'x'G5 xf]nf . t/ s] sf/0fn] 3'5f}{+ eGg] s'/f eg] xfdLdWo] la/n}nfO{ yfxf xf]nf . s] xf] t 3'g'{sf] /x:o < 3'gf{n] s:tf–s:tf ;d:ofx? cfOk5{g\ t < cfpg'xf];\, s]xL rrf{ u/f}F .

3'g'{ eg]sf] dflg; lgb|fdf x'Fbf ;f; km]gf{sf] sf/0fn] pTkGg x'g] 7"nf] cfjfh xf] . ;f; km]bf{ leq hfg] / aflx/ cfpg] xfjfsf] sf/0fn] gfs / 3fF6Lsf df+zk];Lx?df k}bf x'g] sDkgsf] sf/0fn] 3'g]{ cfjfh pTkGg x'G5 .

tkfO{+ hflu/x]sf] cj:yfdf ;f; km]bf{ gfsaf6 xfjf l55{, Tof] xfjf 3fF6L x'Fb} kmf]S;f]lt/ hfG5 . of] ;dodf tkfO{+sf] ;f; km]g]{ sfo{ ;/n x'G5 / cfjfh lg:sFb}g . tkfO{+sf] unfsf] k5fl8k§L x'g] df+zk];Lx?sf] sf/0f o:tf] x'G5 . tL df+zk];Lx?n] ;f; km]bf{ xfjf leq l5g]{ af6f] rf}8f agfOlbG5 tfls xfjf ;lhn};Fu kmf]S;f];Dd l5g{ ;sf];\ . 

t/ xfdL lgb|fdf x'Fbf 3fF6Ldf /x]sf ltg} df+zk];Lx? lzlyn x'G5g\ / To;}sf] sf/0f xfjf leq l5g]{ af6f] ;fF3'/f] x'G5 . t/ hflu/x]sf] cj:yfdf xf];\ of ;'lt/x]sf] cj:yfdf, xfd|f] z/L/nfO{ plQs} dfqfdf clS;hgsf] cfjZostf k5{ . ;fF3'/f] Kjfnaf6 xfjf leq l5g{ vf]Hbf xfjf cfˆgf] af6f]df /x]sf ljleGg df+zk];Lx?;Fu 7f]lSsg k'U5 . o;/L xfjf 7f]lSsFbf df+zk];Lx?df sDkg k}bf x'G5 . oxL sDkgsf] sf/0fn] 3'g]{ cfjfh pTkGg x'G5 .  

3'g'{ s'g} /f]u xf]Og, t/ of] /f]usf] nIf0f eg] x'g;S5 . h;/L vf]sL Go'df]lgofsf] nIf0f x'g;S5, To;/L g] 3'g'{ eg]sf] cA:6«lS6e :nLk PlKgof gfds lgb|f;Fu ;DalGwt /f]usf] nIf0f x'g;S5 . cA:6«lS6e :nLk PlKgofdf ;'lt/x]sf] ;dodf 3'g]{, nfdf]–nfdf] ;f; km]g]{b]lv lnP/ s]xL ;dosf] nflu ;f; /f]lsg] ;d]t x'G5 . o;/L ;f; /f]lsg] k|lqmof s]xL ;]s]G8;Ddsf] nflu rN5 / lj/fdL 5f]6f] ;dosf] nflu Ao'FlemG5 . t/ o;/L Ao'FlemPsf] lj/fdL cfkm}+n] eg] yfxf gkfpg ;S5 . o:tf Ao'FemfOx?sf sf/0f lj/fdLsf] lgb|fdf c;/ k'Ug hfG5 . cA:6«lS6e :nLk PlKgofsf] sf/0f lbpF;f] clws lgb|f nfUg], Wofg sd x'g] / sdhf]/ x'g] x'G5 . cA:6«lS6e :nLk PlKgofsf] sf/0f /Qmrfk a9\g;Sg] klg x'g;S5 .

ljZjdf 3'g]{x?sf] ;+Vof w]/} 5 . $$ k|ltzt k'?ifx? / @* k|ltzt dlxnfx? lgoldt ?kdf 3'5{g\ . oL dWo] $ k|ltzt k'?ifx? / @ k|ltzt dlxnfx? cA:6«lS6e :nLk PlKgofaf6 u|;Lt 5g\ . o;}u/L, dflg;sf] pd]/;Fu} cA:6«lS6e :nLk PlKgofaf6 u|;Lt x'g] ;+efJotf a9L x'G5, ljz]if u/L ^% jif{sf] pd]/ kl5 . To;}u/L, @) k|ltzt afnaflnsfx?n] slxn]sfxLF 3'5{g\ eg] & b]lv !) k|ltzt afnaflnsfx?n] x/]s /ft 3'5{g\ . t/ 3'g]{ afnaflnsfx?dWo] ! k|ltztdf dfq cA:6«lS6e :nLk PlKgof b]lvPsf] 5 . 

हाई काढ्दा आँसु किन आउँछ ?

cfF;' Noflqmdn gfds u|GyLaf6 pTkfbg x'G5 . of] u|GyL cfFvfsf] dflyNnf] knssf] 7Ls leqkl§ x'G5 . Noflqmdn u|GyLaf6 pTkfbg ePsf] cfF;' Noflqmdn 8S6 gfds Kjfnx?af6 cfFvfdf cfpF5 . /, cfFvfsf] s'gfdf /x]sf b'O{j6f Noflqmdn kª\S6d gfds 6\o'ax?af6 l5/]/ gfsdf hfG5 .

xfd|f] cfFvfdf cfF;' t hlxn] klg /lx/xG5 . cfFvfnfO{ w'nf]af6 arfpg, / b[li6 /fd|f] agfO/fVg klg cfF;'sf] e"ldsf x'G5 . t/ xfO{ cfpFbf /f]Psf] a]nf em}F cfF;' lsg b]lvG5 t < o;sf] b'O{j6f sf/0fx? 5g\ .

xfO{ cfpmg] k|lqmofdf xfd|f] cg'xf/sf w]/} df+zk];Lx?sf] e"ldsf x'G5 . s'g} df+zk];Lx? v'lDrG5g\ eg] s'g} tlGsG5g\ . df+zk];L v'lDrFbf cfF;' pTkfbg ug]{ u|GyL, Noflqmdn u|GyLdf rfk kg{ hfG5, h;sf] sf/0f ;f] u|GyL lylrOG5 / clws cfF;'sf] pTkfbg x'G5 .

To;}u/L, xfO{ cfpFbf df+zk];Lx? v'DrFbf Noflqmdn kª\S6dx? klg lylrOG5g\, h;sf] sf/0fn] cfF;' cfFvfaf6 gfsdf k'Ug kfpFb}g, cfFvfdf g} /lx/xG5 . Psflt/ w]/} cfF;' pTkfbg x'g] / csf]{lt/ pTkfbg ePsf] cfF;' klg cfFvfaf6 lg:sg g;Sg] x'Fbf cfFvfdf w]/} cfF;' b]lvG5 . To;}n] xfO{ cfpFbf cfFvfdf cfF;' klg b]lvG5 . 

हिक्का के हो ? हिक्का किन आउँछ ?

slxn]sfxLF vfgf vfg] lalQs} lxSsf cfP/ lgs} cK7]/f] x'G5 . Psl5g dfq cfP t 7Ls} 5 . nuftf/ !÷@ 306f;Dd lxSsf cfO/Xof] eg] cfˆgf] sfddf c;/ kg]{ / cK7]/f] x'g] t 5Fb} 5, To;dfly 5fQL b'v]/ x}/fg x'G5 . s;}n] kfgL ;ft 3'6\sf] vfp eG5, s;}n] ;f; s]xL ;dosf] nflu /f]s eG5 eg] s;}n] wf8df lxsf{pF5 . t/ oL dWo] s'g}n] sfd u5{, s'g}n] sfd ub}{g eg] s'g}n] slxn]sfxLF dfq sfd u5{ . o:tf] lsg x'G5 < lxSsf vf;df s] xf] < cfpg'xf];\, s]xL 5nkmn u/f}F .

lxSsf cfpg' eg]sf] 5fQLdf / 3fF6Ldf /x]sf df+zk]zLx? crfgs ;+s'lrt x'gfn] ;f; km]g{df cfpg] clgoldttf xf] . lxSsf cfpg'df !)) eGbf a9L sf/0fx? 5g\ . t/ ;fdfGotof 3fF6Lb]lv 5fQL;Dd km}lng] :gfo'df cfpg] pQ]hgfsf] sf/0f lxSsf cfpF5 . oL :gfo'x? pQ]lht x'Fbf kmf]S;f] d'lGt/ x'g] 8fOk|mfd gfds df+zk]zL crfgs v'lDrG5 . o;n] kmf]S;f]nfO{ expand u/fpF5 h;sf] sf/0fn] ;f; leq tflgG5 . o;/L crfgs ;f; tflgFbf :jf; gnLsf] d'v, Unl6; Ps} em6\sfdf aGb x'G5 . Unl6; ;f; km]bf{ vf]lnG5 eg] vfgf lgNbf aGb x'G5 . Unl6;nfO{ aGb ug]{ sfd PlkUnl6;n] u5{ .

lxSsf cfpg'n] xfdLnfO{ s] d2t u5{ t < o;sf] k|fof]hg s] xf] t < vf;df o;sf] pQ/ xfdLnfO{ clxn];Dd yfxf 5}g . s]xL j}1flgsx?sf cg';f/ o;sf] vf; s]xL sfd g} 5}g . olb o;sf] sfd} 5}g eg] ls cfO/xG5 t < ;fob lxSsf cfpg'sf] k|fof]hg clxn] gxf]nf . t/ s]xL j}1flgsx?sf cg';f/ xfd|f k'vf{x?df lxSsf cfpg'sf] dxTjk"0f{ k|fof]hg lyof] .

xfdLnfO{ vfgf lgNg ;lhnf] 5 lsgeg] xfdL 6fpsf]b]lv k]6;Dd l;wf pleP/ vfgf lgN5f}F . o;f] ubf{ k[YjLsf] u'?Tjsif{0f zlQmn] vfgf lgNg'df 7"nf] e"ldsf v]N5 . t/ xfd|f k'vf{x?, hf] $ v'§fdf lxF8\y], pgLx? vfgf lgNbf z/L/ hldg;Fu ;dfgfGt/ x'GYof] h;n] ubf{ vfgf lgNbf u'?Tjfsif{0fsf] s'g} e"ldsf x'Fb}gYof] . o;sf] dtna s] x'G5 eg] vfgf 3fF6Ldf c8\lsg] ;Defjgf w]/} x'GYof] . o;f] ePsf] v08df :jf; glndf ePsf] :gfo'n] k]6df ePsf] :gfo'df lxSsfsf] nflu ;"rgf k7fpF5 . lxSsfsf] sf/0fn] vfgf–glndf EofSo'd k}bf x'G5 h;sf] sf/0fn] c8\lsPsf] vfgfsf] ufF; k]6leq k:5 . ;fob o;} sf/0f s's'/, h'g k|fs[lts ?kdf l56f]–l56f] vfg] hLj xf], nfO{ lxSsf w]/} cfpF5 .

lxSsf cfpg] k|lqmof slxn]sfxLF rfF8} lgsf] x'G5 eg], slxn]sfxLF !÷@ 306f;Dd klg rln/xG5 . olt dfq xf]Og, s;}s;}sf] lxSsf xKtf}F;Dd / jiff}F;Dd klg rln/xG5 . slt nfdf] ;do;Dd rln/xG5 eGg] cfwf/df lxSsfsf k|sf/x? g} 5'6\ofOPsf 5g\ M sdg lxsk, h'g s]xL 306fsf] nflu dfq rln/xG5Ù kl;{:6]G6 lxsk, h'g $* 306f;Dd rNg ;S5Ù / PSo'6 lxsk, h'g $* 306feGbf a9L rN5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu hgj/L @))& df cd]l/sfsf] ˆnf]l/8fsf Ps lszf]/L h]lgkm/ dLnfO{ % xKtf;Dd nuftf/ lxSsf cfO/x]sf] lyof] . olt dfq xf]Og, cd]l/sfs} rfN;{ cf];af]g{n] lxSsf cfpg'df ljZj sLlt{dfg g} sfod u/]sf 5g\ . pgnfO{ ^* jif{;Dd nuftf/ lxSsf cfO/x]sf] lyof] .

t/ lxSsf cfpg] k|lqmof /f]Sg] s;/L t < vf;df lxSsf cfpg] k|lqmof /f]Sg] tl/sf dfly lbOPsf tl/sfx? g} x'g\ . t/n kbfy{ s'g} tl/sfn] lgNg], ;f; s]xL ;dosf] nflu /f]Sg], ;fyLnfO{ t;f{pg nufpg], cflb . oL tl/sfx?n] slxn] sfd u5{, slxn] ub}{g . oL tl/sfx?n] Tof] a]nf sfd u5{, h'g a]nf To;n] tkfO{+sf] ;f; km]g]{ ult jf tl/sf kl/jt{g u5{ . To;}n], tkfO{+n] s'g tl/sfn] jf slt 3'6\sf] kfgL lkpg' eof], cyjf dflysfdWo] s'g tl/sf ckgfpg' eof], Tof] dxTjk"0f{ s'/f xf]Og, a? To;n] tkfO{+sf] ;f; km]g]{ ult jf tl/sf kl/jt{g u¥of] ls u/]g, Tof] dxTjk"0f{ s'/f xf] .  

ग्लूले कसरी काम गर्छ ?

udn] ;fdfgx? 6fF:bf To;sf b'O{ u'0fx?n] sfd u/]sf] x'G5 . klxnf] xf] P8\xLl;e / bf];|f] xf] sf]xLl;e . P8\xLl;e eg]sf] udsf] cGo ;fdfgx?;Fu 6fFl;g ;Sg] u'0f xf] eg] sf]xLl;e eg]sf] udsf] cfkm};Fu 6fFl;g ;Sg] u'0f xf] . To;}n] tkfO{+n] udåf/f 6fFl;Psf b'O{j6f ;fdfgx? 5'6\ofpg vf]Hbf olb Pp6f ;fdfgaf6 ud k"/} 5'l§Psf] 5 eg] Tof] udsf] P8\xLl;e zlQm sd x'gfn] xf] eg] olb b'a} ;fdfgdf ud 6fFl;P/} /x]sf] 5 eg] Tof] udsf] sf]xLl;e zlQm sd x'gfn] xf] .

udn] s;/L sfd u5{ eGg] s'/f yfxf kfpg xfdLnfO{ k/df0fljs tx;Dd k'Ug'kg]{ x'G5 . uddf /x]sf P8\xLl;e / sf]xLl;e u'0fx? k|d'v ?kdf efg 8/ jfNh zlQmsf sf/0f pTkGg x'G5g\ . s]xL j}1flgsx?sf cg';f/ udn] cfˆgf] sfd ug'{df oflGqs aGwg (Mechanical Bonding) sf] klg e"ldsf x'G5 . ;'?df efg 8/ jfn zlQm s] xf eGg] s'/fsf] s]xL rrf{ u/f}F .

efg 8/ jfNh zlQm eg]sf] b'O{ c0f'x? (molecule) sf aLrdf pTkGg x'g] zlQm xf] . b'O{j6f w|'jLo c0f'x?sf aLrdf efg 8/ jfNh zlQm pTkGg x'G5 . w|'jLo c0f' eg]sf] kf]lhl6e / g]u]l6e rfh{ s]xL 5'l§Psf] cj:yfdf /x]sf] c0f' xf] . o;sf] ;a}eGbf /fd|f] pbfx/0f kfgLsf] c0f' xf] . kfgLsf] c0f'df b'O{j6f xfO8«f]hg / Pp6f clS;hgsf k/df0f'x? x'G5g\ . b'O{j6f xfO8«f]hgsf k/df0f'x?n] Pp6f clS;hgsf] k/df0f';Fu !)$=% l8u|L sf]0f agfpg] x'gfn] kfgLsf] c0f' w|'jLo x'g hfG5 . xfO8«f]hgsf k/df0f'x?, h'g clS;hg;Fu ldn]/ kfgL ag]kl5 kf]lhl6e aG5, Ps lbzfdf / clS;hgsf] k/df0f' csf]{ lbzfdf /xg] x'Fbf kfgLsf] c0f'sf] Ps 5]pdf kf]lhl6e rfh{ x'G5 eg] csf]{ 5]pdf g]u]l6e rfh{ x'G5 . ha kfgLsf] of] c0f' kfgLs} csf]{ c0f'sf] glhs cfpF5, ta b];|f] c0f'sf] g]u]l6e 5]p klxnf] c0f'sf] kf]lhl6e 5]pdf cfslif{t x'G5 . o;}nfO{ efg 8/ jfNh zlQm elgG5 .

efg 8/ jfNh zlQmn] sfd ug{sf] nflu b'O{ ;txaLrsf] b"/L s]xL Pª:6«f]d dfq x'g'k5{ -Ps Pª\:6«f]d eg]sf] Ps ;]lG6ld6/sf] !) s/f]8 efusf] ! efu xf]_ . olt 5f]6f] b"/Ldf efg 8/ jfNh zlQm alnof] x'G5 / b'O{ ;txx? Ps csf{;Fu /fd|f];Fu 6fFl;G5 . b'O{ ;txaLrsf] b"/L sd /fVgsf] nflu udn] ltgLx?nfO{ lehfpg ;Sg'kg]{ x'G5 tfls ud b'a} ;txx?df /fd|f];Fu km}lnof]; .

udn] sfd ug{df efg 8/ jfNh zlQmafx]s oflGqs aGwg (mechanical bonding) klg lhDd]jf/ /xg] w]/} j}1flgsx?sf] wf/0ff /x]sf] 5 . j}1flgsx?sf cg';f/ gfËf] cfFvfn] lrNnf] b]lvg] ;txx? klg k/df0fljs txdf x]bf{ v;|f] x'G5 . /, ud t/n x'g] x'gfn] ha o:tf] ;txx?df ud nufOG5, ta ud v;|f] ;txsf vfN8fv'lN8x?leq k:5 . / ud ;'s]/ s8f eO;s]kl5 o;n] v;|f] ;tx;Fu /fd|f] ks8 sfod u5{ .

udn] s;/L sfd u5{ eGg] s'/fdf oL b'O{dWo] c? l;4fGtx? klg 5g\ . t/ oL b'O{ l;4fGtx? g} ;a}eGbf ts{;+ut / ;fdfGot :jLsfl/Psf l;4fGtx? x'g\ .